There is a bilateral relationship between Psychoanalysis and literature. Literature enlivens the soul and psychoanalysis dissects literature. What psychoanalysts express today has attended in the past literature and is proposed now scientifically after psychoanalysis was identified as a science. By analyzing an art work from the perspective of psychology, it seems being possible to understand artist’s personal characteristics and their reflection in his work (s). In this paper which is the result of critical reading of khaghani’s jeremiads through a psychological approach, concepts such as sublimation, projection, self- deception, narcissism and social support, and also the individual and collective unconscious attendance, shadow, the struggles of institution and super-ego have been investigated using an inductive method.

The story Hana, in the anthology "Weather for Several Days of the Year" by Aiin Nowruzi, probes into the recounting of a man's separation from his beloved, Darya. Yet, intriguingly, the narrative often veers towards the man's niece, Hana, born around the time of his parting with Darya. Through subtle cues in the text, it becomes apparent that the narrator's feelings, actions, and words carry deeper, symbolic connotations. The author intricately weaves details, seemingly diverting attention from the central theme, perhaps to conceal its true essence. The aim here is to decode and interpret the concealed meanings while striving for coherence within the narrative. Employing a Freudian psychoanalytic lens, the text is explored akin to a dream, where an underlying, more significant level remains obscured beneath the surface. Adopting an inductive research approach, the analysis unravels the symbols and signs embedded within the text, which serve as manifestations of the narrator's subconscious. These symbols, while holding inherent meanings, are suppressed expressions of truths concealed by the narrator, from both himself and the audience. Central questions arise: What causes the ambiguity and contradictions in the narrator's discourse and actions? What roles do the symbols play in the narrative, and can they be organized into a meaningful structure? By dissecting the components of the text and its supporting evidence, it becomes evident that the narrator channels the sorrow of separation from Darya, his longing to reunite, and his desire for offspring through mechanisms like displacement and integration, manifested as symbols such as darkness, underground spaces, numbers, and unconventional behavior and speech. Hana operates on two levels: the surface events recounted by the narrator and the deeper layer of inferred ambiguities and contradictions. To address this dissonance, it is proposed that the narrator not only conceals truths from the audience but also from himself. Through the lens of Freudian psychoanalysis, the story is revisited and interpreted, ultimately revealing that Darya is veiled behind the narrative. The entirety of the tale, supported by textual evidence, emerges as a dream experienced by the narrator upon waking, showcasing elements of displacement and integration. Darya's presence permeates the narrative, subtly observed despite her name remaining unspoken.

The postmodern novels "Divorced Diaries" by Haifa Bitar and "Vanhadeh" by Simon de Beauvoir are the first-person narrators of the daily lives of two divorced women as the protagonists of the mentioned novels. The importance of this research is because the neurotic character of both novels makes it possible to look at the hero of the two novels with a psychotic perspective and to investigate Jeffrey Young's initial inconsistent schemas in their characters with a comparative method. This research is based on descriptive-analytical method. This research aims to have a concrete view of the society of Syria and France and reveal the effective factors in the formation of these schemas in the hero of two novels and scrutinize them with the example of the witness. The research results indicate that the heroines of these two novels are both abandoned by their husbands and suffer from the same primary incompatible schemas. Both protagonists of the novel suffer from various primary maladaptive schemas of dependence/incompetence, defect/shame, and abandonment/instability (abandonment), which, in the order of their origin, depend on/incompetence in them. Relying on the father in doing all the daily tasks, even doing the homework, especially at the teenage age, which is the stage of reaching independence and self-sufficiency. In addition, there is a schema of defect/shame arising from their being rejected by their spouses and their divorce by them, as well as a schema of rejection/instability caused by their shaky relationships.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Literature is one of the most original manifestations and the arena of emergence of unconscious and deep layers of the human psyche. "Mask" in application is a concept of Jung"s psychological terms, which from Jung"s point of view is actually that which is not a person, It is a representation of a personality that is not the same and equal to the person"s real self. Saadi"s works, as a part of literary masterpieces, are rooted in ancient beliefs and ideas and have benefited from the collective unconscious. The purpose of this essay is to show that Saadi"s works include a wide range of archetypal concepts and archetypes from the perspective of archetypal criticism. In this research, among the various archetypes, we will examine the veil archetype in Saadi"s works. METHODOLOGY: The research method in this article will be descriptive-analytical based on library studies and psychoanalytical criticism based on the archetypal ideas of Carl Gustav Jung. Findings: By using myths, symbols and archetypes, Saadi"s works have a great ability to reflect the deep unconscious layers of the human psyche. Much earlier than psychologists such as Jung, Saadi has paid attention to archetypes such as the mask in his poems and writings, with the knowledge of the human psyche and subconscious mind. FINDINGS: By using myths, symbols and archetypes, Saadi"s works have a great ability to reflect the deep unconscious layers of the human psyche. Much earlier than psychologists such as Jung, Saadi has paid attention to archetypes such as the mask in his poems and writings, with the knowledge of the human psyche and subconscious mind. CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this research, in Saadi"s teachings, in line with Jung"s analytical psychology and the collective unconscious, the archetype of the mask can be seen in two positive and negative dimensions in Golestan and Bostan. The basis of Saadi"s teachings is that the way to perfection lies in true asceticism, piety, avoiding hypocrisy, arrogance, boasting, and observing moral standards. Saadi"s type of education can be seen based on the archetype of the niqab in the positive aspect, especially idealism and expediency, and the negative dimension of the niqab can be expressed in the distance from arrogance, pride, hypocrisy, etc.

In this research, the psychoanalytic analysis of personality traits in the debates and narrative poems of Parvin Etsami was done, and relying on Sigmund Freud's psychological theory, various defense mechanisms such as projection, compensation, Selective perception, Pretend to be reluctant, fantasy, rationalization, replacement, suppression or Repression, sublimation or exaltation in symbolic characters in different situations were investigated and analyzed. Behavioral disorders in some characters were also shown.It was found that Parvin Etisami, as a psychotherapist poet, treated the characters and the audience with the methods of semantic therapy, poetry therapy, psychodrama, verbal communication, humor and psychotherapy. In his poems, Parvin has shown that every man is self-fulfilled and has been able to achieve such a position by exalting his qualities and knowing, achieving and tolerating his unconscious. Since many readers connect with literary texts through identification, these texts can be the most effective versions of psychoanalysis and psychotherapy from a practical point of view, and in this way, a deep connection between psychological science can be established.

Description of the nature in Arab literature of Jáhilyya (Bedouin) was a salient aspect of its artistic and rhetorical manner. Moreover after Muslems dispersion in other occupied territories, description of the landscapes suited more to the taste of Arabs. Though She'b Bawwan (the Vale of BawwAn) has remained unknown in history and literature of Iran, it has been more well-known and memorable in Arabic writings as one of the four earthly paradises of the Muslems. The visitors' descriptions of the Vale of BawwAn declare the reputation of this ancient pass among Muslem geographers and tourists, and likewise beauties of the vale, as a literary subject, motivated and inspired several men of letters of Arabs.In this article referring to Arab's literary subjectivity, we will psychoanalyze the whole images relating to natural and geographical elements of BawwAn vale which are described by imagery tropes and dream mechanisms. By this imaginary and dream we aim to find an appropriate psychological answer for Arabs' unilateral literary attitude towards the subject.

The centrality of psychoanalytic criticism is the interaction between the field of art, especially literature, with psychoanalytic subjects, in this method, the subject of the text becomes a platform for recognizing the signs, roots and factors of psychosis in the three axes of the author, the text (structure and characters) and the audience; And in rare cases, it will become a method of overcoming crisis and a tool for psychotherapy. In this field, the category of anxiety and obsession is one of the important topics that have been discussed in psychology with different cognitive approaches, and it can be one of the practical topics in the text-oriented analysis of literary works. On the other hand, Golshiri's works have a high capacity for psychoanalytical analysis due to his knowledge of psychology and the conscious application of its techniques and important features in processing and strengthening personality. Therefore, this research has investigated the category of anxiety in the collection of stories " Namazkhaneye Kochake Man " with a descriptive-analytical method and has concluded that the root of anxiety in the characters of these stories is the fear of an accident. Unfortunate is in the future and the characters often turn to the basic response of avoiding the situation and basic defense mechanisms. Most of the characters are suffering from depression, anger and isolation in the face of anxiety, which will represent this crisis in various behavioral signs such as alcohol consumption, insomnia and restlessness, aggression and screaming. In general, anxiety and depression can be considered as the dominant aspect in this collection. Extended abstract psychoanalytic criticism is the interaction between the field of art and literature, with psychoanalytic subjects. In this method, the subject of the text becomes a platform for recognizing the signs, roots and factors of psychosis in the three axes of the author, the text (structure and characters) and the audience; And in rare cases, it will become a method of overcoming crisis and a tool for psychotherapy. In this field, the category of anxiety and obsession is one of the important topics that have been discussed in psychology with different cognitive approaches, and it can be one of the practical topics in the text-oriented analysis of literary works. On one hand, Golshiri's works have a high capacity for psychoanalytical analysis due to his knowledge of psychology and the conscious application of its techniques and important features in processing and strengthening personality. Therefore, this research has investigated the category of anxiety in the collection of stories "Namazkhaneye Koochake Man" with a descriptive-analytical method and has concluded that the root of anxiety in the characters of these stories is the fear of an accident. On the other hand, psychologists associate anxiety with a general feeling of restlessness and worry and believe that anxiety is the thought or imagination of threats that we may face in the future. So, anxiety is an unpleasant emotion that we usually describe with words such as worry, tension and fear. Freud believes that the first experience of anxiety that every person faces in life is birth,  (Freud, 2021: 166) because birth is the moment of separation of the child from the mother. But later he changed his opinion to the fact that anxiety is the result of the conflict between unconscious sexual desires or aggression and mutual threats from external commands or reality. Psychologists also distinguish between fear and anxiety. The difference between fear and anxiety is that in fear, the cause of danger is external, but in anxiety, the person's own internal conditions are the cause of danger, and both are mental reactions to danger. So our immediate reaction in the situation of danger is known as fear, but anxiety does not occur only at the moment of danger. In presenting different types of anxiety one should consider Freud's theory. He mentions three types of anxiety: 1. Real anxiety, which is a kind of normal fear and its cause is threats caused by dangers in the real world. 2. Neurotic anxiety, which is a threat from the institution and is much more difficult to cope with, because the institution is completely unconscious. 3. Moral anxiety that comes from command threats. As a result of this analysis, according to the presented theoretical foundations and examining the relationships between internal and external factors with anxiety, it will lead to general results. In the first story of this collection, "Namāzkhane-ye Koochak-e Man", the presence of social and pervasive anxiety in the narrator's personality is prominent. The two main factors of the formation of these anxieties in him are heredity and living environment. The presence of anxiety in the narrator has caused him to find a recluse character and turn more to the irrational response of avoidance; which led to the continuation of his anxiety and rumination and focus on himself has drowned him more than before. By convincing himself and using the defense mechanism of argumentation, the narrator has considered the subject of his anxiety as a part of his being, and the same subject is pervasive anxiety disorder and constant worry about losing the appendage. The disorder has a negative effect on his interpersonal and emotional relationships and disrupts his life to a great extent. In the story "Aksi Baraye Qāb-e Akse Khali-ye Man", anxiety has become the basis for changing the behavior of prisoners and, in general, the feeling of anger was caused by anxiety. In the story " Har do Ruye Sekkeh", the old man's perfectionism and loneliness will become the main cause of anxiety and, as a result, anger and aggression and finally depression was apparent. Akhtar's anxiety in the story "Gorg" is manifested in the form of phobia of animals, that is, wolves, which causes him to become isolated. The presence of two features of focusing on the anxiety-causing issue and irrational response to anxiety are more prominent in this story. In the story "Arusak-e Chini-ye Man", Maryam reconstructs herself in the form of a game and by using the defense mechanism of displacement, and she releases her negative experiences and emotions with the help of her doll. In this story, the two components of anger and depression caused by anxiety are more pronounced. In the story "Masum-e Avval", the fear of the presence of the scarecrow and environmental conditions are the main causes of anxiety in the city's residents and anxiety at the end of the story becomes a part of the narrator. In the story "Masum  Dovvom", the cause of anxiety in Mustafa is guilt, and environmental factors cause anxiety in four of the characters. The defense mechanism of projection plays an important role in relieving anxiety in this narrative. In the story of " Masum-e Sevvom", the presence of personality disorders in the teacher, his passing from reality, and the use of the defensive mechanism of identification are the main factors and results of anxiety. The character of the narrator in the story "Masum-e Chaharom" is anxiety resulting from an external matter and fear of the proximity of opponents. Depression, as a common consequence of anxiety disorders, is seen in some way in all anxious personalities and even leads to suicide. Other frequent consequences of anxiety in personalities are sleep disturbance, self-blame, thinking and focusing on a stressful issue, and feeling angry and aggressive. The anxiety of people has a growing trend; To the extent that it often leads to the death of people. It can be concluded that from the author's point of view, anxiety causes a lot of personal helplessness and is paralyzing. Apart from the story of “Masum-e Sevvom”, where anxiety is caused by the presence of psychosis and personality disorder in the main character, in other stories, environmental factors play more effective roles in the appearance of anxiety in people.

In the present age, dealing with theorizing and theorization is the most necessary aspect of human discussions, as also in the field of art, theoretical attention to artworks is as important as their creation, and it is effective in determining their destiny. This aspect of art in our culture does not have a proper history, as our art has declined since the late Safavid. For this decline, many different causes can be considered which some have inner and some have outer relations to art, and lack of creativity is the most important inner cause. So this is why theorizing and making new definition for this old principle of art is necessary. And this is what this essay is looking for, therefore the paintings of Francis Bacon are chosen to work on and Charles Mauron’, s method, psychocritic, is chosen to work with. The experts call the works of Bacon “, creative”,and they believe that understanding his “, process of creativity”,requires familiarity with the principles of psychoanalysis. Also It must be noted that psychocritic of Charles Mauron is the first systematic and methodical psychoanalytic approach to art which defining “, artistic creativity”,is its final aim, based on Charles Mauron’, s psychocritic in the series of artworks of each creative artist a special coherence can be followed which is rooted in the unconscious of each artist. Due to Charles Mauron, unconscious of each creative artist has a holistic face that represents his personal myth. And it is this personal myth that is the basis of any kind of artist’, s creativity. In order to find personal myth of Bacon with the method of psych criticism of Charles Mauron which will be the key to analyze all of his paintings four stages have been done,first, researching in all of his artworks to find the network of the obsessive metaphors and images made it clear that the general form of his paintings is a closed space, and the part of this space that is assigned to object and things is always at focus, also the content of them is consisted of figures and portraits that are so overwhelmed that are more like a piece of meat or an object than a human, a human which is very lonely and panic,second, keeping attention to this network to find the basic characteristic of these metaphors and images and complexes of Bacon was led to claustrophobia, panic disorder, Oedipus complex and Peterpan syndrome,third, keeping attention to these complexes to discover and find the personal myth of Bacon led to Heracles as a personal myth,and forth, examining the main characteristics of personal myth which was Heracles and is discovered in the last stage with the life of Bacon in order to ensure the above findings, so finally studying biography and interviews of Bacon proofed the third stage’, s hypothesis. And the result is that Bacon’, s personal myth that has been his driving force behind his creativity which has had a fundamental role in creating his paintings is Heracles.